• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for determining at least one meteorological variable (iwvc, ilwc, rr) for describing a state of atmospheric water, in particular of the water vapor (wv), the condensed water (lw) and / or the precipitate (r), comprising the steps (a) providing meteorological input data (d1), (b) a step of calculating second data (d2) for at least one atmospheric water condition (wv, lw) based on the input meteorological data (d1) for the signal attenuation caused by said at least one state form (wv, lw) of signals sent through the atmosphere (A), (c) providing third data (d3) indicative of the signal attenuation of signals caused by atmospheric water, wherein the third data (d3) from the measurement of signals (3) between the signal transmission means (1, 2), in particular between satellitenge isolated signal transmission means (1) and terrestrial signal transmission means (2) through which atmosphere (A) has been transmitted, (d) comparing the second data (d2) with the third data (d3), and (e) step in which for at least one further, preferably not taken into account in the calculation according to step (b), state form (lw, r) of the atmospheric water as a function of the deviation between the second data (d2) and the third data (d3) a meteorological quantity (ilwc, rr) is calculated to describe this at least one further state form (lw, r).
    公开号:AT520436A4
    申请号:T50767/2017
    申请日:2017-09-13
    公开日:2019-04-15
    发明作者:Manfred Spatzierer Mag；Ing Dr Franz Teschl Dipl
    申请人:UBIMET GmbH；Univ Graz Tech；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a method for determining at least one meteorological quantity for describing a state of atmospheric water, in particular of the water vapor, the condensed water and / or the precipitate.
    In the prior art, it is known to use signals transmitted between signal transmission devices passing through the atmosphere for the description of the current weather or for use in the weather forecast. These include inter alia signals between satellites and terrestrial signal transmitters / receivers (e.g. locating or communication signals). The signals used, which are usually in the frequency range between 1 GHz and 1000 GHz, are attenuated (damped) by the atmosphere. From the intensity ratio between the transmitted signal and the received signal, the signal attenuation caused by the atmosphere can be eliminated after correction of the transmission and reception conditions (such as the geometric orientation and the distance between the transceivers, etc.). The signal attenuation in the atmosphere is mainly caused by atmospheric water, which can also contribute to air pollution, aerosols, and non-meteorological particles and objects.
    Conversely, it is also of interest in a given weather situation to know the expected attenuation of signals transmitted through the atmosphere. The attenuation caused by the individual states of the atmospheric water are e.g. Recommendation ITU-R P.676-11 (for gases including water vapor), Recommendation ITU-R P.840-6 (for
    Cloud and fog water) and Recommendation ITU-R P.838-3 (for rain) of the International Telecommunication Union.
    The disadvantage of the known methods for describing the weather situation with the aid of the signal attenuation data is that the meteorological variables thus determined are very inaccurate and neither provide a sufficiently accurate picture of the current weather situation nor serve as sufficiently accurate output data for the calculation of a reliable weather forecast. This is because the individual signal attenuations are linearly superimposed by the different states of the water in the atmosphere - water vapor (gaseous water), condensed water (liquid water in clouds and fog), precipitation (rain, snow, hail) - and the overall signal attenuation contains no information about which state forms contribute to the extent to which signal attenuation.
    The object of the present invention was to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a method by which - at least one meteorological parameter for describing a state of atmospheric water can be determined by taking signal attenuation data obtained from signal measurements. The method should allow qualitative and quantitative statements about the state of the form of interest. A preferred embodiment of the method is intended to enable the determination of the precipitation rate, in particular the rain rate.
    This object is achieved by a method mentioned in the introduction with the following steps: (a) provision of meteorological input data, (b) step in which second data is calculated for at least one atmospheric water state form from the meteorological input data, which is a measure of the (c) providing third data representing a measure of the attenuation of signals caused by atmospheric water, the third data being from the measurement of signals transmitted between signal transmission means , in particular between satellite-based signal transmission devices and terrestrial signal transmission devices, were transmitted through the atmosphere, obtained, (d) comparing the second data with the third data, and (e) step, wherein at least one further, preferably In the calculation according to step (b), the state of the atmospheric water as a function of the deviation between the second data and the third data is calculated as a meteorological quantity for describing this at least one further state form.
    The invention is based on the fact that each state form of atmospheric water supplies a respective independent component for signal attenuation. The invention is also based on the fact that, with the knowledge of the simultaneous occurrence of these state forms, a step-by-step derivation of the components of the individual state forms for signal attenuation is possible. It is also assumed that water vapor is constantly present and substantially no precipitation occurs without the presence of clouds.
    The determination of the meteorological size takes place in at least two stages. (1) First, the signal attenuation is calculated for at least one state form and compared with the signal attenuation obtained from signal measurements. The signal attenuation obtained from signal measurements contains the proportions of all (along the signal path) existing states of atmospheric water. (2) A deviation between the signal attenuation (calculated for the at least one state form) and the signal attenuation obtained from signal measurements can now be used for the calculation of a meteorological variable for a further state form.
    If the signal attenuation obtained from signal measurements is greater than (for the at least one state form) calculated signal attenuation, the presence of a further state form is assumed in order to be able to explain this deviation. A meteorological quantity describing this further state form can now be calculated from the said deviation.
    If the signal attenuation obtained from signal measurements is less than or equal to the signal attenuation (calculated for the at least one state form), it can be assumed that there is no further state form. The corresponding meteorological variable can be assigned the value 0.
    Starting point of the method according to the invention are the meteorological input data, from which a meteorological quantity for describing a state form, in particular the water vapor density, can already be determined. The goal now is to determine a size for a further state form in step (e). For this, the comparison according to step (d) is used.
    According to the present application under water vapor water in the gaseous state under condensed water liquid water (or adhering to condensation germs liquid water) in clouds or fog (cloud or fog water) and precipitation of that water, in liquid or solid form on the earth's surface falls, understood.
    The calculation of the signal attenuation for individual state forms (according to step (b)) is preferably carried out in accordance with the recommendations (in particular the current recommendations) of the International Telecommunication Union (www.itu.int): - the ITU-R recommendation P.676-11 "Attenuation by atmospheric gases", approved in 2016-09-30 (for gases including water vapor), - Recommendation ITU-R P.840-6, "Attenuation due to clouds and fog", approved in 2013-09- 30 (for cloud and mist water) and / or - Recommendation ITU-R P.838-3, "Specific attenuation model for rainforest in prediction methods", approved in 2005-03-08 (for rain).
    These documents are therefore incorporated by reference into this application.
    The invention makes it possible to make more accurate statements about the states of atmospheric water and thus to capture the current weather conditions more accurately. By the method according to the invention, the determination of the precipitation rate becomes particularly interesting and reliable, if previously (ie in step (b)) water vapor and condensed water in clouds were taken into account or the signal attenuation caused by water vapor and condensed water (second data) from the signal measurements deducted (total) attenuation (third data).
    The data (meteorological input data, second data, third data, steam-related data, data related to condensed water) and quantities described in this application, even if used in the singular, can be two-dimensional or multi-dimensional and thus also contain several values. Thus, e.g. the meteorological quantity calculated in step (e) has the precipitation rates for an entire area. The data and sizes can therefore be location-dependent (and also be prepared as a raster data set).
    The data to be compared in step (c) or - see below - step (b2) are of course data of the same kind (in particular related to the same signal frequency, the same signal propagation direction and the same unit, for example dB) or are prepared accordingly for the comparison. Since the actual signal transmissions rarely occur in exactly vertical direction, the elevation must be taken into account. The signal attenuation can therefore be converted (normalized) to a specific (preferably vertical) signal propagation direction. Such methods are known in the art and need not be discussed in more detail here.
    A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the calculation of the second data in step (b) takes place for the state form water vapor and the second data represents a measure of the attenuation caused by water vapor signal attenuation. The consideration of the gaseous state form also increases the accuracy of the calculated meteorological quantity according to step (e), because its portion of the signal attenuation does not flow into the calculation according to step (e).
    A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the state form, for which a meteorological value is calculated in step (e), is condensed water in clouds and / or mists, wherein preferably the meteorological quantity calculated in step (e) is the content of condensed water Water, preferably the integrated content of condensed water, is in clouds and / or fog. The calculation may e.g. by assuming clouds in a region between a lower cloud boundary and an upper cloud boundary, e.g. in a range where the (relative) humidity is 1 or exceeds a predetermined limit (e.g., greater than 0.99). For this range, a certain condensed water content is assumed. This can be specified according to empirical values and / or depending on a certain type of cloud. A (constant) value for the content of condensed water between 0.05 g / m 3 and 0.5 g / m 3, preferably approximately 0.1 g / m 3, is preferably assumed in the relevant cloud layer.
    The calculation of a meteorological quantity may e.g. by integrating the volume of condensed water along the vertical through the cloud area, so that the size of the integrated content of condensed water (integrated liquid water content) is obtained.
    A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the calculation of the second data in step (b) for the states forms water vapor and condensed water in clouds and / or fog and the second data is a measure of the water vapor and condensed water in clouds and / or mist cause signal attenuation. In this embodiment, the proportions of water vapor and condensed water thus no longer flow into the calculation of the further state form (esp. Precipitation).
    A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the state form for which a meteorological variable is calculated in step (e) is precipitation, wherein preferably the meteorological variable calculated in step (e) is the precipitation rate, in particular the rain rate.
    A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the meteorological input data comprise at least values for the air temperature, the air pressure and / or the air humidity at a certain level, preferably at the earth's surface. The meteorological input data are preferably based on measurements by weather stations. In this case, from the measured values recorded at different locations, a two-dimensional or multidimensional data structure can be produced by interpolation or applying meteorological models, in which values of a meteorological value are respectively assigned to the location coordinates. The meteorological input data are preferably configured such that a three-dimensional model atmosphere can be formed from them, in which each volume unit and / or each grid point is assigned at least one value of at least one meteorological value.
    A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the comparison of the second data with the third data according to step (d) takes place by forming a difference or a ratio between the signal attenuation according to the second data and the signal attenuation according to the third data and / or Calculation of the meteorological quantity according to step (e) from the difference and / or the ratio between the signal attenuation according to the second data and the signal attenuation according to the third data takes place.
    A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the meteorological variable according to step (e) is assigned the value 0 if the signal attenuation according to the third data is smaller than the signal attenuation according to the second data. In this case, the assumption of the presence of another state form is not required to explain the signal attenuation obtained from signal measurements.
    A preferred embodiment is characterized in that, in step (b) (b1), steam vapor-related data are calculated for the water vapor state form from the meteorological input data, which represent a measure of the water vapor-induced signal attenuation of signals sent by the atmosphere, and ( b2) comparing these water vapor related data with the third data, and (b3) if the signal attenuation according to the third data is greater than the signal attenuation according to the water vapor related data, condensed water related data is calculated, which is a measure of the condensed water in Clouds and / or fog caused signal attenuation, the second data is a measure of the signal attenuation caused by water vapor and condensed water in clouds and / or fog signal attenuation.
    In this embodiment, in step (b) the contributions of water vapor and condensed water are taken into account in the signal attenuation. First, the signal attenuation caused by water vapor is calculated and, after comparison with the signal attenuation obtained from measurements, the signal attenuation caused by condensed water is calculated. It is thus a step-by-step calculation, with a comparison being made between the stages.
    A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the calculation according to step (b) takes place by means of an atmosphere model which, depending on the meteorological input data, at least one value of at least one height section and / or each volume unit and / or each (grid) point of a model atmosphere Meteorological size for describing a state form of atmospheric water, preferably the water vapor density and / or the content of condensed water assigns.
    There are a variety of models for vertical stratification of the atmosphere (atmospheric models) known. These differ in their basic way and can e.g. represent an adiabatic (dry or wet adiabatic) stratification or an inversion weather condition (a partial increase in temperature with height in a given stratum): In detail, such stratification models may differ as well, as based on meteorological input data of each volume unit or each ( Grid) point of the model atmosphere is assigned a value. This can be done by analytical functions, numerical calculation rules, applications of (linear) temperature and / or (exponential) pressure gradients (along the verticals), etc. Thus, based on a temperature at the earth's surface, based on a stratification model (e.g., an adiabatic model), the temperatures and atmospheric pressures can be calculated at any altitude. Although the humidity on the surface of the earth is known, it is also possible to calculate the water vapor density at any altitude.
    A preferred embodiment is characterized in that from the values contained in the model atmosphere in each case a signal attenuation is calculated, the second data by integration or summation of the values (eg the water vapor density or the content of condensed water or correlating attenuation values) along preferably vertical signal paths through the model atmosphere.
    A preferred embodiment is characterized in that in the calculation of condensed water in clouds an upper cloud boundary is taken into account, wherein preferably the upper cloud boundary is derived from satellite imagery.
    A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the calculation of the rain rate according to the relationship
    where rr is the rain rate, γ is the difference between the signal attenuation according to the second data and the signal attenuation according to the third data and α and k are parameters, preferably the parameters α and k according to Recommendation ITU-R P.838-3 are selected.
    A preferred embodiment is characterized in that calculations of at least one step, in particular of step (b) and / or step (d) and / or step (e), depending on the signal frequency and / or the signal polarization and / or in dependence the elevation of the signal propagation direction and / or for one or more signal frequency (s) are performed, preferably the signal frequency (s) between 5GHz and 100GHz, in particular between 10GHz and 50GHz, and / or only below a predetermined height limit, preferably below 20,000 m, preferably below 10,000 m, more preferably below 7,500 m, (above the sea level) are performed. In a preferred embodiment, the calculations are performed below a selected height level that is below the (width-dependent) tropopause.
    The object is also achieved by an algorithm for determining at least one meteorological variable for describing a state form of atmospheric water, in particular of steam, condensed water and / or precipitation, the algorithm having the steps of a method according to the invention.
    The object is also achieved by a data processing system and / or stored on a data carrier computer program product, to determine at least one meteorological size for describing a state form of atmospheric water, in particular the water vapor, the condensed
    Water and / or Niederschlag, wherein on the data processing system and / or in the computer program product, an inventive algorithm is stored.
    For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.
    In each case, in a highly simplified, schematic representation:
    Fig. 1 shows an atmosphere in which only water vapor is contained;
    Figure 2 shows an atmosphere in which only water vapor and condensed water (cloud water) is included;
    Fig. 3 shows an atmosphere in which water vapor, condensed water (cloud water) and precipitate (rain) are contained;
    Fig. 4 shows schematically the signal transmission between satellite-bound and terrestrial signal transmission devices through the atmosphere;
    Fig. 5 is a flow chart for describing an embodiment of the invention;
    Fig. 6 is a flow chart for describing an embodiment of the invention;
    FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of the signal attenuation of the total attenuation caused by the individual state forms; FIG.
    Fig. 8 The individual contributions to the signal attenuation.
    By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts or process steps are provided with the same reference numerals or identical component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis transferred to like parts with moving reference numerals or the same component names. Also, the location information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and these position information in a change in position mutatis mutandis to transfer to the new location.
    The embodiments show possible embodiments, it being noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated embodiments thereof, but rather various combinations of the individual embodiments are possible with each other and this variation possibility due to the teaching of technical action by representational invention in Can the expert working in this technical field.
    The scope of protection is determined by the claims. However, the description and drawings are to be considered to interpret the claims. Individual features or combinations of features from the illustrated and described different embodiments may represent for themselves inventive solutions. The task underlying the independent inventive solutions can be taken from the description. All statements of value ranges in the present description should be understood to include any and all sub-ranges thereof, e.g. is the statement 1 to 10 to be understood that all sub-areas, starting from the lower limit 1 and the upper limit 10 are included, ie. all sub-areas begin with a lower limit of 1 or greater and end at an upper limit of 10 or less, e.g. 1 to 1.7 or 3.2 to 8.1 or 5.5 to 10.
    For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that, for better understanding, the facts shown in the figures have been shown in part to be out of scale and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.
    FIGS. 1-3 show possible weather constellations which can be described with the method according to the invention. FIG. 1 shows a part of an atmosphere A, the troposphere, in which water occurs only in the (invisible) state form water vapor wv. E denotes the earth's surface. It is preferred if the calculations on which the invention is based are carried out only up to a predetermined upper limit (uppermost dashed line). For example, the limit can be set in the range between 6,000 hm (from the sea level) and the (broad-based) tropopause. As a result, on the one hand, the area relevant for the weather conditions is taken into account and, on the other hand, the required arithmetic operations are limited to a manageable level.
    Fig. 2 shows a weather situation in which in addition to the water vapor wv clouds C and thus condensed water Iw are available. The clouds C are located between a lower limit and an upper limit CT (cloud top). In Fig. 3, water is also present in the state form precipitation r (rain).
    When signals 3 are transmitted along the signal paths P between data transmission devices 1, 2 through the atmosphere A, the existing states of the atmospheric water cause a signal attenuation, e.g. in decibels, can be captured and provided. The different elevations of the signal paths P (see FIG. 4) can be converted so that the processed data, which is a measure of the signal attenuation, only relate to an elevation, preferably to the vertical direction.
    An embodiment of a method according to the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to FIG. The aim is to determine a meteorological quantity for the description of a state form of atmospheric water. As already mentioned, water is present in particular in the states of water vapor wv, condensed water Iw (in clouds or fog) and / or precipitation r. Examples of meteorological quantities for such state forms are: water vapor content, integrated water vapor density iwvc, liquid water content Iwc, integrated condensed water content ilwc, rain rate rr.
    The method now comprises the steps: (a) Provision of meteorological input data (d1). These preferably include values for the air temperature, the atmospheric pressure and / or the humidity at a certain level, preferably at the earth's surface E. (b) a step in which water vapor wv and / or condensed water Iw are calculated for the state form (s) from the meteorological input data d1 second data d2 are calculated, which represent a measure of the water vapor wv and / or condensed water Iw caused signal attenuation of transmitted through the atmosphere A signals. In doing so, e.g. a quantity describing the state form - e.g. the water vapor density wvc (for example in the unit kg / m3) and / or the condensed water content Iwc (for example in the unit kg / m3) are calculated. From this size then the signal attenuation can be derived. As a by-product, other sizes, e.g. the integrated water vapor density iwvc (in unit kg / m2) and / or the integrated condensed water content ilwc (in unit kg / m2) can be calculated. (c) providing third data d3 representing a measure of the attenuation of signals caused by atmospheric water, the third data d3 being obtained from the measurement of signals 3 between signal transmission devices 1, 2, in particular between satellite-connected signal transmission devices 1 and terrestrial signal transmission devices 2, through which atmosphere A has been transmitted (see FIG. 4), (d) comparing the second data d2 with the third data d3. The data d2 and d3 may e.g. contain the signal attenuation in the unit dB. The comparison of the second data d2 with the third data d3 may be done by forming a difference or a ratio between the signal attenuation according to the second data d2 and the signal attenuation according to the third data d3. (e) step of calculating the precipitation rate r (which was not considered in the calculation of step (b)) depending on the deviation between the second data d2 and the third data d3, the precipitation rate rr. The calculation of the precipitation rate rr may be made from the difference and / or the ratio between the signal attenuation according to the second data d2 and the signal attenuation according to the third data d3. That the precipitation rate rr (especially rain rate) may e.g. as a function of this difference: rr = f (d3-d2). The precipitation rate is assigned the value 0 when the signal attenuation according to the third data d3 is smaller than the signal attenuation according to the second data d2.
    This procedure ensures that the signal attenuation is not only assigned to the state form calculated in step (e) (in this case: precipitation r), but that contributions of other state forms (here: water vapor wv and / or condensed water Iw) as such already exist be taken into account. In the event that two state forms are already taken into account in step (b), step (b) can take place according to the preferred embodiment of FIG. 6. The remaining steps can then - as described above - be the same as FIG. 5.
    According to FIG. 6, the following steps are carried out: (b1) for the state form water vapor wv, water vapor-related data dwv are calculated based on the meteorological input data d1, which represent a measure of the signal attenuation caused by water vapor wv of signals sent through the atmosphere A. (b2) these water vapor related data dwv are compared with the third data d3. The third data d3 may be the same data already used in the method of FIG. 5. (b3) if the signal attenuation according to the third data d3 is greater than the signal attenuation according to the water vapor related data dwv, condensed water related data dlw is calculated, which is a measure of the signal attenuation caused by condensed water Iw in clouds C and / or fog ,
    The second data d2 now represent a measure of the signal attenuation caused by water vapor wv and by condensed water Iw in clouds C and / or fog. In other words, the second data results from the sum of the water vapor-related data dwv and the condensed water Data dlw.
    The second data d2 may then continue to be used as shown in FIG.
    7 shows a further embodiment in which the calculation of the second data d2 in step (b) takes place (only) for the state form steam wv. The second data d2 are then a measure of the attenuation caused by water vapor wv. The state form for which a meteorological quantity is calculated in step (e) is condensed water Iw in clouds C and / or fog. The meteorological value may be the content of condensed water Iwc in clouds C and / or mist, preferably the integrated content of condensed water ilwc. Such a method is suitable e.g. when it is clear from other observations that there is no precipitation in the studied area.
    Fig. 8 illustrates the contributions of the individual states of atmospheric water to signal attenuation. The principle described above is based on the assumption that the contribution of the water vapor dwv, the contribution of the condensed water dlw and the contribution of the precipitate dr = d3 - d2 together give the signal attenuation d3 obtained from measurements. From this representation, it can be seen that the method according to the invention brings about great advantages, because not only can the presence of a state form be ascertained, but due to the stepwise allocation in relation to the signal attenuation, accurate quantitative statements can also be made about a state form.
    In the following, preferred embodiments are described, which relate to the individual steps.
    The calculation according to step (b) may be performed by means of an atmospheric model, which depending on the meteorological input data d1 each altitude section and / or each unit volume and / or each point of a model atmosphere at least a value of at least one meteorological size to describe a state form wv, Iw atmospheric water, preferably the water vapor density wvd and / or the content of condensed water Iwc, assigns.
    There are a variety of different atmospheric models known. These differ in their basic way and can e.g. an adiabatic (dry or wet adiabatic) stratification or an inversion weather condition (a partial increase in temperature with height in a given layer). Mathematical relationships can be used to build up a three-dimensional model based on data obtained from measurements on the Earth's surface, such as air temperature, air pressure and humidity. For the height-dependent temperature, a (linear) temperature gradient (for example in the unit K / m) can be assumed.
    The calculation of the water vapor density can be done by calculating the saturation vapor pressure at the given temperature and deriving the currently prevailing vapor pressure from the saturation vapor pressure and the relative humidity. For the conversion of the vapor pressure into the water vapor density (for example in the unit kg / m3) the general gas equation of the thermodynamics can be used.
    The calculation of the water vapor density is e.g. by the application of the Au-gust-Roche-Magnus formula for the calculation of the saturation vapor pressure from the temperature, the determination of the currently prevailing vapor pressure from the relative humidity and the saturation vapor pressure and the application of the general gas equation for the conversion of the vapor pressure into the water vapor density.
    In this case, the calculation is made up of the following formulas:
    where e is the currently prevailing vapor pressure in Pa, e & t is the saturation vapor pressure in Pa, t is the temperature in ° C, T is the temperature in K, m is the relative humidity in%, p is the water vapor density in kg / m3 and Rv = 461.5 J / (kg K) denote the individual gas constant for water. The water vapor density denoted by p in the last formula (also designated by wvc in the present application) can be used to calculate the second data d2 in accordance with the method according to the invention.
    If, according to FIG. 6, the condensed water content Iwc is also to be calculated, then additional assumptions, such as cloud upper and upper clouds, can be made or derived from additional measurements or (satellite) images. For example, the calculation according to step (b3) can be carried out in such a way that, first of all, where (within the cloud upper and upper cloud limit) the relative humidity is 1 or greater than a predetermined limit (eg> 0.99), a (constant) value of Content of condensed water is assumed. A (constant) value for the content of condensed water between 0.05 g / m 3 and 0.5 g / m 3, preferably approximately 0.1 g / m 3, is preferably assumed in the relevant cloud layer. From the (analytically) calculated or (based on empirical values) assumed values for the condensed water content, the signal attenuation can now be calculated again.
    This is preferably done by calculating the second data d2 by integrating or summing along preferably vertical signal paths P (slant paths) through the model atmosphere.
    The calculation of the rain rate rr preferably takes place according to the relationship
    where γ is the difference between the signal attenuation according to the second data d2 and the signal attenuation according to the third data d3 and α and k are parameters. The latter are preferably chosen according to Recommendation ITU-R P.838-3.
    The calculations described above can be carried out as a function of the signal frequency and / or the signal polarization and / or as a function of the elevation of the signal propagation direction. They can also be carried out for one or more signal frequencies, preferably the signal frequency (s) being between 5 GHz and 100 GHz, in particular between 10 GHz and 50 GHz.
    As already mentioned, the calculations may be limited to below a predetermined height limit, preferably below 20,000 m, preferably below 10,000 m, particularly preferably below 7,500 m, (above the sea level). As a rule, the (width-dependent) tropo-pause forms an upper limit for the above calculations.
    LIST OF REFERENCES 1 satellite-bound signal transmission device 2 terrestrial signal transmission device 3 signal A atmosphere C clouds CT cloud upper limit E earth surface P signal path wv water vapor wvc water vapor density iwvc integrated water vapor density
    Iw condensed water in clouds and / or fog
    Iwc condensed water content ilwc integrated condensed water content r precipitation rr rain rate d1 meteorological input data d2 second data d3 third data dwv water vapor related data dlw data related to condensed water
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [1]
    claims
    Method for determining at least one meteorological variable (iwvc, ilwc, rr) for describing a state of atmospheric water, in particular of water vapor (wv), condensed water (Iw) and / or precipitate (r), comprising the steps: ( a) Provision of meteorological input data (d1), (b) step in which for at least one state form (wv, Iw) of the atmospheric water based on the meteorological input data (d1) second data (d2) are calculated, which is a measure of the represent signal attenuation caused by at least one state form (wv, Iw) of signals sent through the atmosphere (A), (c) providing third data (d3) indicative of the signal water attenuation caused by atmospheric water, the third data (d3) from the measurement of signals (3) between the signal transmission devices (1,2), in particular between satellite-bound Signalübertragu and data transmission devices (2) through which the atmosphere (A) has been transmitted are obtained, (d) comparing the second data (d2) with the third data (d3), and (e) step in which at least one further state form (Iw, r) of the atmospheric water, preferably not taken into account in the calculation according to step (b) as a function of the deviation between the second data (d2) and the third data (d3) has a meteorological value (ilwc, rr ) is calculated to describe this at least one further state form (Iw, r).
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the calculation of the second data (d2) in step (b) for the state form water vapor (wv) takes place and the second data (d2) is a measure of the by water vapor ( wv) represent induced signal attenuation.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the state form for which a meteorological value is calculated in step (e) is condensed water (Iw) in clouds (C) and / or fog, preferably in step (e) the calculated meteorological value is the condensed water content (Iwc), preferably the integrated condensed water content (ilwc), in clouds (C) and / or fog.
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the calculation of the second data (d2) in step (b) for the state forms water vapor (wv) and condensed water (Iw) in clouds (C) and / or fog occurs and the second data (d2) represent a measure of the signal attenuation caused by water vapor (wv) and by condensed water (Iw) in clouds (C) and / or fog.
    [5]
    5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the state form for which a meteorological variable is calculated in step (e) is precipitation (r), preferably the meteorological variable calculated in step (e) the precipitation rate, in particular Rain rate (rr), is.
    [6]
    6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the meteorological input data (d1) at least values for the air temperature, the air pressure and / or the humidity at a certain level, preferably at the earth's surface (E) include.
    [7]
    7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the comparison of the second data (d2) with the third data (d3) according to step (d) by forming a difference or a ratio between the signal attenuation according to the second data (d2) and the signal attenuation according to the third data (d3) and / or that the calculation of the meteorological quantity (ilwc, rr) according to step (e) from the difference and / or the ratio between the signal attenuation according to the second data (d2) and the Signal attenuation according to the third data (d3) takes place.
    [8]
    8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the meteorological variable according to step (e) is assigned the value 0, if the signal attenuation according to the third data (d3) is smaller than the signal attenuation according to the second data (d2).
    [9]
    9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in step (b) (b1) for the state form water vapor (wv) based on the meteorological input data (d1) water vapor-related data (dwv) are calculated, which is a measure of by Water vapor (wv) represent signal attenuation of signals sent through the atmosphere (A), and (b2) these water vapor related data (dwv) are compared with the third data (d3), and (b3) if the signal attenuation according to the third data (d3 ) is greater than the signal attenuation according to the steam-related data (dwv), condensed water related data (dlw) are calculated which represent a measure of the signal attenuation caused by condensed water (Iw) in clouds (C) and / or fog, wherein the second data (d2) is a measure of the signal attenuation caused by water vapor (wv) and by condensed water (Iw) in clouds (C) and / or fog creat.
    [10]
    10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the calculation according to step (b) by means of an atmosphere model, which depending on the meteorological input data (d1) each altitude section and / or each volume unit and / or each point or grid point of a model atmosphere at least one value of at least one meteorological value for describing a state form (wv, Iw) of atmospheric water, preferably the water vapor density (wvd) and / or the content of condensed water (Iwc) assigns.
    [11]
    11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that from the values contained in the model atmosphere in each case a signal attenuation is calculated, wherein the second data (d2) are calculated by integration or summation along preferably vertical signal paths (P) through the model atmosphere.
    [12]
    12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the calculation of condensed water (Iw) in clouds (C) an upper cloud boundary (ct) is taken into account, preferably the upper cloud boundary is derived from satellite imagery.
    [13]
    13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the calculation of the rain rate (rr) according to the relationship

    where r is the rain rate, / the difference between the signal attenuation according to the second data (d2) and the signal attenuation according to the third data (d3), and a and k are parameters, preferably the parameters a and k according to the recommendation ITU-R P.838-3 are selected.


    [14]
    14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that calculations at least one step, in particular the step (b) and / or the step (d) and / or step (e), depending on the signal frequency and / or the signal polarization and / or carried out as a function of the elevation of the signal propagation direction and / or for one or more signal frequency (s), wherein preferably the signal frequency (s) between 5GHz and 100GHz, in particular between 10GHz and 50GHz, and / or only below a predetermined Height limit, preferably below 20,000 m, more preferably below 10,000 m, even more preferably below 7,500 m, are performed.
    [15]
    15. Algorithm for determining at least one meteorological variable (iwvc, ilwc, rr) for describing a state form of atmospheric water, in particular of water vapor (wv), condensed water (Iw) and / or precipitation (r), the algorithm comprising the steps a method according to any one of the preceding claims.
    [16]
    16. Data processing system and / or stored on a data carrier computer program product for determining at least one meteorological size (iwvc, ilwc, rr) for describing a state of atmospheric water, in particular the water vapor (wv), the condensed water (Iw) and / or the precipitate (r), wherein an algorithm according to claim 15 is stored on the data processing system and / or in the computer program product.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20200257020A1|2020-08-13|
    AT520436B1|2019-04-15|
    WO2019051522A1|2019-03-21|
    DE112018005102A5|2020-08-27|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US20100052919A1|2008-08-26|2010-03-04|Mills Raymond L|Weather detection using satellite communication signals|
    KR20130135635A|2012-06-01|2013-12-11|한국표준과학연구원|System and method for measuring atmospheric water vapor using global navigation satellite system and recording medium thereof|
    CN104865616A|2015-05-29|2015-08-26|南京信息工程大学|Boundary layer water vapor detection method based on multi-agent|
    JP2017003416A|2015-06-10|2017-01-05|古野電気株式会社|Rainfall prediction system|
    US20090160700A1|2005-07-13|2009-06-25|Hagit Messer-Yaron|Monitoring and Mapping of Atmospheric Phenomena|
    WO2013124853A1|2012-02-23|2013-08-29|Ramot At Tel-Aviv University Ltd.|System and method for identifying a hydrometeor|
    ITGE20120071A1|2012-07-19|2014-01-20|Darts Engineering Srl|SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MONITORING A TERRITORY|FR3096145A1|2019-05-15|2020-11-20|Hd Rain|Method and device for measuring precipitation|
    CN110244387B|2019-07-30|2021-06-22|成都润联科技开发有限公司|Method, device, equipment and storage medium for predicting rainfall weather based on atmospheric water-reducing amount|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50767/2017A|AT520436B1|2017-09-13|2017-09-13|Method for determining at least one meteorological quantity for describing a state form of atmospheric water|ATA50767/2017A| AT520436B1|2017-09-13|2017-09-13|Method for determining at least one meteorological quantity for describing a state form of atmospheric water|
    US16/646,985| US20200257020A1|2017-09-13|2018-09-13|Method for determining at least one meteorological variable for describing a state of atmospheric water|
    DE112018005102.1T| DE112018005102A5|2017-09-13|2018-09-13|Method for determining at least one meteorological variable for describing a state of atmospheric water|
    PCT/AT2018/060210| WO2019051522A1|2017-09-13|2018-09-13|Method for determining at least one meteorological variable for describing a state of atmospheric water|
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